I have no medical training, so don't take these statements as authoritative.
Many nutrition issues can make you short.
I've met a few elite female figure skaters who were told to malnurish themselves, to delay maturity. I've not met any male figure skaters who were told that.
Many elite figure skaters are told to underfeed themselves, to keep their weight down - especially female Dance and Pairs skaters, who need to be lifted by their partners.
A very few female ice dancers and pairs skaters use surgery to lose weight. I don't know what such surgery does to your health.
Even if they don't deliberately malnurish themselves, many serious athletes feel they are too busy to take the time to eat right, though a good coach might try to correct that.
OTOH, there is a selection factor - being short (like being thin) may help you be a better freestyle skater, though I don't know all the reasons. (But Dance and Pairs males are often tall, so they are strong enough to lift the lady.) I wouldn't be surprised if that is at least big a contributor to the tendency of figure skaters to be short.
(But hockey skaters tend to be big bruisers overall, including somewhat tall, because hockey is a combat sport. Maybe having a little extra reach helps too. So there is a selection factor in hockey AGAINST small people, especially at elite levels.)
But why would skating make you bow-legged?
I suppose it is possible a very cautious newbie skater, who tries to always stay on the inside edges of both skates, might make themselves slightly bow-legged, if they skated A LOT. In addition, beginner skate often are mounted with the blades slightly to the inside, which might create such a posture, to a small extent. A poor skate tech might have mounted your blades that way on even non-beginner skates, which maybe could create such a problem - which is one more reason to argue that you should only use first class skate techs.
Many hockey skaters do deliberately skate on the inside edges of both skates for balance, but very few really good (e.g., NHL) hockey skaters look appreciatively bow-legged.
Of course, skates are not as good as other shoes at correcting bow-leggedness, because you don't have as much surface in contact at one time. (From what I can tell, podiatrists sometimes use "wedge" orthotics in other shoes to correct it a little - but the physics mostly doesn't work in skates.)
But I think a good figure skating coach would try to train out such a postural/gait issue, if it is small enough, because figure skating is an appearance sport. In addition, I wonder if bow-leggedness would interfere with pushing efficiently? And if it would affect your ability to land jumps, without injury to your knees? I used to let my knee bend slightly to the outside, as I landed. A coach made me try to correct that. When I was slow to correct it, it helped create knee pain.
(I bet short and long track speed skating can create other postural problems - because you are almost always leaning far to the left, on both blades.)
Any sport can and likely will cause a variety of physical problems specific to that sport, as can the physical training programs you use to be better at it. Just like not getting into ANY sport or physical activity can cause a variety of physical problems too.
But like I said, I'm not medically trained.