Welcome to skating forums! I'd go with the Freestyle over the Classique if you will be starting jumping soon.
When you first get your new skates you likely will feel like you can't skate at all- the blade transition is sometimes tough, but after just a few times out, they will be so much better than rentals. The consistency of having the same equipment each time is a biggie! My skates took me about 3 weeks to really break in, until then I laced one hook down from the top, so that I'd have a bit more bend.
The new blades shouldn't cause more falls, though the toe pick will likely be larger than you are used to. Just make sure to do proper stroking- out to the side, rather than right behind you, and that should help those "toe pick" moments stay to a minimum. Stopping will be more difficult at first- and that is likely true every time you sharpen the blade. Start out slow, and build up to what is a safe speed for you- it may be slower than what your normal safe top speed was until you get used to stopping on freshly sharpened blades (I spent today JUST working on stops, my blades were sharpened this weekend, and they feel GREAT skating, but I just cannot stop...)
If your rink is an ISI rink, I highly recommend you join, especially if you want to compete. ISI has great competitions for all ages and skill levels.
Practice is totally up to you. I recommend practicing at least as much time as you spend in lessons. I have a lot of injuries I deal with, so I do 1:1 practice lesson time, but many people do 2:1 or even 3:1. I found it easier to practice when I was working on lower level skills, and would skate for 3 hours a few times a week, but now as a freestyle skater my body wears itself down (knees and hips) and I can't put in that much time. For an adult, the amount of time on the ice will be very personal.